Higher Education Institutions (HEI) are increasingly challenged to ensure agility and resilience in times of uncertainty, while maintaining strategic coherence and societal relevance.

Quality assurance (QA) systems, particularly those supported by performance indicators, can play a decisive role in enabling institutions to align their internal practices with external standards and emerging expectations. This paper explores how performance indicators can support internal quality assurance systems in Higher Education Institutions. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of organizational performance concepts and indicator frameworks, we conduct a comparative analysis of several key performance indicator frameworks. The study highlights the strengths, complementarities, and gaps in these frameworks, particularly regarding their alignment with ESG (European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area) and national standards such as those defined the Portuguese QA agency (A3ES). The findings support recommendations for developing robust, context-sensitive indicators that reinforce HEIs' strategic goals and enhance continuous improvement efforts. These findings are of relevance for institutions and QA agencies crossing increasing demands for agility, transparency, and international cooperation.

This paper was presented at EQAF and reflects the views of the named authors only.

ISSN: 1375-3797

Performance Indicators in Higher Education Institutions: A Comparative Analysis of International Reference Models

Susana Lameiras, Maria J. Manatos, Paulo Sampaio
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